McClure HSHS Current Issues in Healthcare Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which term refers to medicines and biologics themselves, including vaccines, antibiotics, and hormonal therapies?
• What term refers to coverage provided through an employer, or purchased directly by individuals and families to help cover medical care and related expenses?
• Which hazard category includes risks from natural disasters and extreme weather?
• Which term describes a system in which the profit motive promotes innovation and the development of new technologies?
• Which term describes the science and system of protecting and improving the health of entire communities through education, policy, research, and preventive care?
• Which option describes coverage that is typically provided through an employer or purchased directly to help cover medical expenses?
• What term refers to distrust among African Americans toward the medical establishment that has affected health outcomes?
• Which term describes healthcare provided to everyone regardless of ability to pay?
• Which publication is credited with catalyzing Earth Day and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?
• What term refers to any substance, state, or event that threatens the environment or human health?
• Which of the following is an example of a physical environmental hazard?
• Which concept describes the non-medical factors that influence health, such as environment, socioeconomic status, education, and relationships?
• Which term describes devices that enable point-of-care, real-time testing outside traditional laboratories?
• Which is a chemical environmental hazard?
• Which waste category includes devices with points or edges designed to cut or puncture the skin, such as needles and scalpels?
• Which is NOT a chemical environmental hazard?
• Which of the following are examples of biological environmental hazards?
• What term describes a connected infrastructure of medical devices and software that collect, transmit, and analyze patient data in real time to enable remote monitoring?
• Which term describes a healthcare system funded by multiple public and private entities, rather than a single government or private source?
• Canada's universal, publicly funded single-payer healthcare system is called?
• Expansive pyramid examples?
• Which term describes a measure of differences in health outcomes due to inequities?
• Which law, enacted in 2010 and commonly called Obamacare, aimed to expand coverage and prevent denial of pre-existing conditions?
• Which 2010 health reform law aimed to increase insurance coverage and reduce costs, and is commonly known as Obamacare?
• Which term describes an area located immediately outside a city or town with lower population density?
• Which branch of public health identifies, evaluates, and controls environmental factors that affect health?
• Which term refers to a plan that restricts coverage to in-network providers and often requires a PCP?
• What term describes the ability of healthcare professionals to provide care that respects diverse cultural values?
• What term describes the generalist doctor who serves as the main, ongoing provider for a patient's overall health and the first point of contact for non-emergency medical needs?
• Which agency is the primary U.S. federal agency for biomedical and public health research, part of the Department of Health and Human Services, and the world's largest public funder of medical research?
• What disposal principle starts proper disposal by separating hazardous waste at the point of generation, typically using color-coded containers?
• What term describes the analysis of large, complex health data sets to improve patient care, support personalized medicine, and reduce costs using AI and machine learning?
• Which term is often criticized for delayed or limited access to healthcare?
• Which of the following is an example of a cultural environmental hazard?
• Which technology refers to devices that interface with the brain to treat neurological disorders and restore functions?
• Which term describes the independent committee that reviews human subjects research?
• Which term captures the ethical and social critique arising from abuses like the Tuskegee study?
• What does OECD stand for?
• An organism or infectious agent that causes disease; includes viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
• Which term describes an urban environment with an abundance of several non-nutritious food options such as corner stores or fast-food restaurants; few grocery stores but easy local access to non-nutritious food?
• Which is a biological environmental hazard?
• Which items are commonly included in electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI)?
• Culturally competent care includes respecting modesty, providing halal diets, facilitating prayer, and arranging burial within 24–72 hours in accordance with the Quran. This describes care for adherents of which faith?
• Which waste includes radioactive isotopes and is produced by nuclear medicine technologies or scans such as PET/CT?
• Food deserts are regions most likely to be found in which areas?
• The 2014 water crisis that began when a city switched its water source to a corrosive river, leading to lead contamination and a Legionnaires' disease outbreak, occurred in which city?
• Which term refers to a movement advocating using advanced technologies to enhance human abilities beyond normal limits, raising ethical dilemmas?
• Which tradition often emphasizes preference for female doctors for female patients, strict modesty, hygiene, dietary restrictions (often vegetarian), and uses Ayurveda, yoga, and meditation alongside modern medicine?
• Which technology uses living cells and bioinks to build tissues or organs that resemble real biological structures?
• Expansive pyramid characteristics?
• Which book by Upton Sinclair led to US food safety reforms such as the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?
• In color-coded disposal systems, red bags are used for which hazard?
• Which term refers to a model that guarantees access to essential health services for the entire population, often funded by taxation or compulsory insurance?
• Which Act defined medical waste, established cradle-to-grave tracking, and set management standards and penalties for mismanagement, prompted after medical waste washed up on East Coast beaches?
• Which of the following is an example of a portable diagnostic device?
• PubMed is maintained by which organization?
• Which healthcare system financing model features a single public or quasi-public agency that finances healthcare for all residents?
• Which term describes the healthcare professional's ability to respect and integrate patients' diverse cultural values and beliefs?
• What is GDP?
• Which U.S. federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services protects public health by regulating the safety, efficacy, and security of drugs, biological products, medical devices, the food supply, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products?
• Which term describes the integration of self-awareness, cultural humility, effective communication, respectful care, and the resulting improvements in health outcomes and patient safety?
• Which term refers to drugs and biologics designed to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure diseases, including vaccines, antibiotics, and hormonal therapies?
• Which statement best describes distributive justice and social justice?
• Which pyramid shape is rectangle-like with low birth rates and low mortality?
• What term describes high-temperature burning, primarily for pathological, pharmaceutical, and some chemical wastes?
• What term describes a network of devices such as smartwatches, blood pressure cuffs, and pacemakers that collect and transmit patient data for remote monitoring?
• What term describes a type of three-dimensional printing that uses 'bioinks' made from living cells and other materials to build tissue-like structures?
• Which term describes a secure, digital record of a patient’s comprehensive medical history, including diagnoses, medications, treatments, immunizations, allergies, and test results?
• Which health issue category is most prominent in higher GDP populations?
• Which department oversees public health programs and the agencies like the CDC and FDA?
• Which topic discusses the systematic underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities, women, elderly, and low-SES populations in clinical trials, leading to poorer health outcomes and inequitable treatment efficacy?
• Which U.S. federal agency under the Department of Labor ensures safe working conditions by setting, enforcing, and providing training on safety standards?
• Which law governs the disposal of solid and hazardous waste and enables the EPA to control waste from generation to disposal?
• What term describes artificial intelligence speeding drug development by identifying targets, designing molecules, and running trials?
• Which managed care plan covers services only from in-network providers, requires no PCP referrals for specialists, and often has lower premiums?
• Which field studies large-scale health data from sources like records and wearables to predict risks and optimize treatments using artificial intelligence?
• Which term describes an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often characterized by a lack of grocery stores and a high density of fast food outlets?
• Which term means a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment?
• Which environmental law passed in 1980 created the Superfund program to clean up hazardous waste sites and require responsible parties to pay for or perform cleanups?
• What term describes the underrepresentation in clinical trials of racial/ethnic minorities, women, the elderly, and low-SES populations, leading to inequitable treatment efficacy?
• Which gene-editing technology allows scientists to precisely add, remove, or alter sections of DNA in living organisms?
• Which plan is described as a hybrid option that requires selecting a primary care physician and obtaining referrals, and is abbreviated POS?
• Which health plan limits coverage to care from doctors, hospitals, and clinics within a specific network and focuses on preventive care, often requiring members to choose a PCP and obtain referrals to see specialists?
• Which term focuses on independence, safety, and wellness for older adults at home through digital tools and remote monitoring?
• What term describes the ability of different information systems and devices to securely exchange and use data across organizational boundaries?
• What term describes using nanoscale materials to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases and to deliver medicines precisely?
• Which term describes a healthcare system that blends government funding with private delivery of services?
• Which program provides health coverage to millions of Americans with limited income and resources, and is a joint federal-state program?
• In population demographics, individuals aged 0-20 and 65+ are classified as what?
• Which tradition is described as emphasizing modesty, a preference for female doctors for female patients, strict hygiene, dietary restrictions (often vegetarian), and the integration of Ayurveda, yoga, and meditation with modern medicine?
• Which AI-driven robots are designed to support healthcare staff by delivering medications, transporting lab samples, and monitoring patient vital signs?
• Which waste comprises expired, unused, or contaminated medications that require specialized disposal?
• Which disease is the most common form of dementia characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline?
• Which concept refers to a dynamic digital model of a patient, organ, or body system that updates with real-time data from wearables, images, and health records to simulate and improve health outcomes?
• What term refers to a secure, digital version of a patient’s comprehensive medical history, including diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunizations, allergies, and test results?
• Which term refers to electronic Protected Health Information under HIPAA?
• What is the name of the United Kingdom's universal, public healthcare system funded by taxes?
• Which technology refers to advanced, computer-controlled tools that assist surgeons in performing minimally invasive procedures?
• Which book by Rachel Carson helped ignite the modern environmental movement?
• Which term describes population pyramids with a narrow base and broad top, indicating aging populations?
• Which measure represents output within borders in a year?
• What term describes a greater-than-expected number of cancer cases within a defined group?
• Which is a biological environmental hazard?
• Which foundational document outlines Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice?
• Which term describes individuals, groups, or organizations invested in the quality, delivery, and cost of care?
• What term describes AI-driven support using CBT techniques to help manage anxiety, depression, and stress with round-the-clock availability?
• Which cell line is derived from cervical cancer cells and used in research without the donor's permission?
• Distributive justice in healthcare refers to what concept?
• What term refers to using digital information and communication technologies to access healthcare services remotely and manage health?
• What is the set amount you pay for covered medical services out-of-pocket before your insurance plan begins to pay?
• Which waste is contaminated with chemotherapy drugs and typically incinerated and segregated in specialized purple-lidded containers?
• Which historical study, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved withholding treatment from African American men with syphilis and led to many deaths?
• Which of the following is a cultural environmental hazard?
• Which U.S. federal agency is responsible for protecting human health and the environment, focusing on air, water, and land regulations?
• Which term describes AI-powered tools that analyze imaging, labs, and EHRs to detect diseases earlier and improve diagnostic accuracy?
• Which waste category consists of recognizable human or animal tissues removed during surgery, autopsy, or research?
• Which term includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight), inadequate vitamins or minerals, overweight, obesity, and resulting diet-related noncommunicable diseases?
• Beneficence in medical ethics requires clinicians to do what?
• An independent committee that reviews research involving human subjects to protect their rights, safety, and welfare is called what?
• Which U.S. federal law establishes national standards to protect sensitive patient health information and controls access to protected health information?
• Which is a key benefit of telehealth for rural or underserved areas?
• Which term is a subset of telehealth that delivers healthcare services remotely using telecommunications technology such as video calls and secure portals?
• What health issues are commonly seen in low GDP nations?
• The asbestos exposure at Libby, Montana originated from mining which material?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between telemedicine and telehealth?
• What term describes a very small device that performs many lab tasks on a single chip, offering rapid, portable test results?
• The town of Libby in which state became infamous for tremolite asbestos contamination linked to a vermiculite mine?
• Which federal health insurance program in the United States is primarily for people aged 65 or older, as well as certain disabled individuals, and is an example of socialized healthcare?
• Which cabinet-level federal agency is tasked with protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, including Medicare and Medicaid, and overseeing agencies like the CDC and FDA?
• What is the name of the extremely powerful tropical cyclone that devastated New Orleans and surrounding areas in 2005?
• Which technology refers to devices that interface with the brain and nervous system to treat neurological disorders and enable control of external devices by thought?
• Which term refers to measurable differences in health outcomes and access to care between population groups, often driven by social, economic, and environmental inequities?
• Which faith follows the Word of Wisdom health code restricting alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, and illegal drugs?
• Which is an example of a physical environmental hazard?
• Which waste is non-infectious and non-hazardous, making up 75%-90% of total healthcare waste?
• Which ethical concept describes the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision?
• Which category includes materials contaminated with pathogens requiring autoclaving or incineration?
• Which term best describes a government-operated healthcare system where the government finances and owns the delivery of care?
• Which is a physical environmental hazard?
• Which faith promotes a holistic health philosophy where the body is a temple, emphasizes rest on the Sabbath, vegetarian diet, abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, narcotics, and trust in divine power?
• Which term describes an area located immediately outside a city or town, typically characterized by lower population density?
• Non-malfeasance is best described as which principle?
• Which term describes a focus on treating diseases in individuals and prioritizing clinical care?
• Which term refers to the portion of a medical bill that a person pays before the insurer begins to pay?
• Which tradition describes reluctance to sedating medication to stay conscious and values mental focus during illness, with an undisturbed body for up to three days after death and chanting or prayer?
• What term describes material contaminated with pathogens capable of transmitting diseases and requiring specialized handling to prevent infection?
• Which health plan allows you to see any provider in or out of network without needing a primary care physician (PCP) or referrals for specialists, with lower out-of-pocket costs for in-network care but higher premiums?
• Which faith teaches that saving a life supersedes Sabbath restrictions or dietary laws, and emphasizes Sabbath, kosher dietary practices, and burial within 24–72 hours?
• Which term refers to AI-driven robots designed to support healthcare staff by handling routine tasks such as delivering medications and transporting lab samples?
• Which type of waste contains materials contaminated with radionuclides from diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as PET and CT scans?
• What term refers to the closure of rural hospitals due to financial constraints, low patient volume, and lack of Medicaid expansion in some states?
• A progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline.
• Which term best describes provider shortages, hospital closures, and geographic isolation that contribute to higher mortality in rural areas?
• Which technology includes advanced computer-controlled tools that assist surgeons in minimally invasive procedures?
• Which term describes an area with better nutrition and overall health by making fruits, vegetables, and whole foods readily available to residents?
• Which description best characterizes a healthcare system that combines public (government-funded) and private (market-driven) financing and delivery of medical services?
• Culturally competent and respectful care is associated with which of the following outcomes?
• In which system are healthcare services financed by multiple public and private payers, rather than a single payer?
• Which U.S. health insurance program is primarily for individuals aged 65 and older?
• Which term describes urban healthcare challenges such as profound health inequities, overcrowding, and limited access for vulnerable populations?
• An illness caused by pathogens that spreads from one person, animal, or surface to another; infectious.
• Which term describes a subset of telehealth that uses FDA-registered digital technologies to collect and transmit physiological data from patients to healthcare providers?
• Which of the following is the primary advantage of a lab on a chip in healthcare?
• Which phrase describes the limitations of rural healthcare, including long travel distances, limited access to specialists, and higher mortality from preventable conditions?
• What is a population pyramid?
• Which term describes a health system where the government finances healthcare for all residents through a single payer?
• Which is an example of a chemical environmental hazard?
• What are recurring monthly payments you pay to an insurance company to keep your health coverage active called?
• What term describes AI-powered virtual assistants designed to improve patient engagement and provide 24/7 medical information?
• Which agency is the U.S. federal agency dedicated to enforcing workplace safety and health standards?
• Which of the following is a chemical environmental hazard?
• Which term means of, relating to, or designating a city or town; densely populated area?
• Which term describes GDP?
• Which database is a free, credible search engine maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and provides access to millions of citations and abstracts for biomedical literature?
• Stationary pyramid characteristics?
• Dysentery, Typhoid, and Cholera are diseases linked to poor water access.
• What term means any agent that promotes the development of cancer?
• Beliefs that influence rituals around birth, death, and care and guide decisions about medical treatments such as blood transfusions and dietary restrictions are best described as what?
• Which term describes using ML, NLP, and computer vision to analyze patient data to detect diseases earlier and improve diagnostic accuracy?
• Which term describes a health care system where medical services are provided by private entities and funded through private insurance, employer plans, or direct out-of-pocket payments?
• What term describes the use of digital systems such as electronic medical records (EMR), computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and barcode administration to manage the medication process?
• Which field uses machine learning and generative AI to analyze large biology datasets to predict a drug's efficacy and safety in compliance with FDA regulations?
• Which agency is the leading national public health institute of the United States, operating under the Department of Health and Human Services?
• What is the primary purpose of electronic medication management (EMM) systems in clinical care?
• Which act established cradle-to-grave tracking for medical waste?
• Which technology creates a secure, decentralized ledger to store patient data and improve data security, interoperability, and integrity across health systems?
• Which term describes autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles used to rapidly transport medical supplies to remote or congested areas?
• Which term describes private healthcare?
• Fertility rate definition?
• A heavily contaminated location designated for long-term cleanup under CERCLA is called a what?
• Which waste category is typically stored in purple-lidded containers?
• Which term focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases in individual patients, prioritizing clinical care?
• The National Priorities List (NPL) designates sites for long-term cleanup under CERCLA. Approximately how many sites are on the list?
• Which statement best describes OECD?
• Which faith embraces modern medicine and vaccines and follows a health code restricting alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, and illegal drugs?
• Which term describes the overarching discipline focused on preventing disease and promoting health at the population level?
• Long-term, non-contagious conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory illnesses, diabetes; major health issues in higher GDP populations.
• Which faith emphasizes rest on the Sabbath, a vegetarian diet, abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, and narcotics, and trust in divine power?
• Which term means a difference, especially one connected with unfair treatment?
• Which factor is a social determinant of health?
• Which pair of U.S. programs are examples of socialized healthcare, with one for people 65+ or with disabilities, and a joint federal-state program for low-income individuals?
• Which term describes risks to human health and well-being arising from societal traditions, behaviors, or social structures, including harmful dietary patterns, unsafe working conditions, crime, smoking, and pollution from cultural practices?
• Which term means relating to the countryside rather than the city; low population density?
• Which term describes a system in which the government operates healthcare facilities, employs medical staff, and funds services entirely through taxes, offering no-cost or low-cost care?
• Which term describes an urban environment with many non-nutritious food options and few grocery stores?
• Which colorless, synthetic organochlorine pesticide developed in the 1940s has been linked to reproductive, developmental, and neurological issues and is classified as a possible human carcinogen?
• Respect for Persons within the Belmont Report primarily emphasizes which concept?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of portable diagnostic devices?
• The book by Rachel Carson highlighted the ecological and health hazards of indiscriminate use of which pesticide, particularly in the mid-20th century?
• What device uses high-pressure saturated steam to sterilize equipment, instruments, and waste?
• Public healthcare is best described as?
• Which term best describes an area with improved access to nutrition due to availability of fruits and vegetables within close proximity?
• Which immortalized cell line was derived from Henrietta Lacks' cervical cancer cells without consent?
• Which term describes a situation where healthy food is physically available nearby but is economically inaccessible to residents due to high costs?
• What is the primary purpose of segregation at the point of waste generation?
• Mortality rate definition?
• Diseases associated with poor access to clean water.
• Which law promotes the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology, particularly electronic health records, and strengthens privacy and security rules for electronic health data?
• Which agency is the primary U.S. federal agency for biomedical and public health research and the world's largest public funder of medical research?
• Which three core principles are described in the Belmont Report?
• Which group tends to accept modern medical care and seek treatment but may refuse blood transfusions based on religious interpretation, while accepting non-blood alternatives?
• Which health technology category involves wearable sensors and home-monitoring devices that automatically transmit data to clinicians?